Energy is the cornerstone of economic and social development. With the rapid development and widespread application of new generation energy technologies and new generation information technology, energy development is facing an important transformation. A new round of energy revolution has emerged, that is, to achieve cleanliness in energy production, and gradually replace fossils with clean energy. Energy, vigorously promote the clean and efficient use of coal, focus on the development of non-coal energy, and form a multi-wheel drive energy supply system for coal, oil, gas, nuclear, new energy and renewable energy.
The central link of the energy revolution is electricity, and electricity-centered transformation and innovation has become the key to a new round of energy revolution. All primary energy can be converted into electrical energy, and various terminal energy sources can be replaced by electrical energy. The core of the future energy system must be the power system, and the key to power transformation is to build a new type of distribution network. Under the background of the new round of energy revolution, the functional positioning of the distribution network is undergoing profound changes. In addition to traditional functions such as power transmission and distribution, the distribution network will also be the carrier of resource optimization configuration.
Providing safe, reliable, efficient, green and interactive power services is the fundamental responsibility and goal of the distribution network. For a long time, China's distribution network has been affected by management, investment, history and other reasons. The grid structure is relatively weak, the equipment quality is poor, and the power supply capacity and reliability are not high. With the new urbanization of the country, the construction of new countryside, and the acceleration of urban-rural integration, distributed power sources and electric vehicles have developed rapidly. The distribution network presents multi-source, interconnected, and ubiquitous features, and provides power supply security, reliability, and interactivity. And adaptability puts forward higher requirements.
The distribution network is a key link in the smart grid. Regardless of whether it is foreign or domestic, the focus of smart grid construction is on the intelligent upgrading of the distribution network. To improve the reliability of power supply and power quality, it is necessary to further intelligentize the distribution network; access to multiple energy sources, electric vehicles and charging stations, the distribution network needs to have stronger self-healing ability, higher security, and support In interaction with users, the grid needs to shift from a traditional supplier-led, one-way power supply, and an operation mode that relies on manual management to user participation, two-way flow, and a highly intelligent direction.
The distribution network is an integrated energy service platform. The distribution network business can establish an association between the production, transmission and consumption of energy in an integrated energy system. The future urban distribution network will gradually evolve into an integrated energy service system, which is systematic, extensive, inclusive, open and interactive. Distributed energy, energy storage, electric vehicles, micro-grid, etc., can achieve integrated optimization of multi-energy complementary systems in a large range. The distribution network can also realize the coordinated development and utilization of natural gas and energy such as wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy.
The distribution network is the carrier of market-based transactions. The user side of the distribution network can not only have a distributed (micro) power grid including distributed energy, energy storage, and control systems, but the distribution network can also adjust the power shortage and peak-to-valley difference between different users. The distribution network will become the demand side and the supply side to more effectively realize the balance between supply and demand, the platform for interaction between supply and demand, and provide solutions and value-added services for distributed energy, industrial and commercial energy conservation, residential energy conservation, energy use services and other user subjects. To meet the needs of various market-oriented transactions.
Strengthening the construction of distribution network is a vital part of building a strong national power grid. Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the development of economy and society, China's distribution network construction has continued to "plus". In 2015, the “Action Plan for Reconstruction of Distribution Network (2015-2020)†and “Guidance Opinions on Accelerating the Construction and Reconstruction of Distribution Network†were successively introduced to promote the construction of distribution automation and intelligent electricity information collection system. The grid is considerable and controllable, meeting the diversified load development needs of new energy, distributed power and electric vehicles, and promoting clear development requirements for the construction of smart grids and the deep integration of the Internet.
The fundamental purpose of the continuous transformation of distribution network construction and transformation is to achieve a safe, economical, reliable and efficient power supply for the distribution network.
In recent years, through the intelligent construction of urban and rural distribution networks, China's power supply capacity has been effectively enhanced. The power capacity and line length have increased significantly year-on-year. The power supply capacity is generally sufficient; the power supply quality continues to improve; the power grid structure is becoming more and more perfect in the country. The new urbanization pilot area organized a new type of urban distribution network demonstration construction; the degree of equipment intelligence was significantly improved, the construction of distribution automation system was promoted, the installation of smart meters was accelerated, and the automatic collection of electricity information was realized; the investment scale continued to increase, and 2016 was allocated. The investment in power grid infrastructure increased by about 30% year-on-year; in 2017, the investment in power grids of 110kV and below, which accounted for 58% of the total investment of the power grid, increased by 35.6% year-on-year.
"China Southern Power Grid Development Plan (2013~2020)" pointed out that it will strengthen the construction of urban and rural distribution networks and promote the construction of smart grids. By 2020, the urban distribution network automation coverage rate will reach 80%; State Grid Corporation also proposed that 2017 will Speed ​​up the construction and transformation of the distribution network.
In order to continue to promote the construction of smart distribution networks, there are still many tasks in the process of construction and transformation of distribution networks that require us to plan, design, advocate, implement, implement and implement.
First of all, it is necessary to reasonably improve the wiring structure of the grid structure, and to use the method of connecting multiple regions separately, or by using the ring network method. The distribution network structure determines the reliability and flexibility of network operation. Taking Beijing as an example, its high-voltage distribution network is mainly operated by ring network and radial operation (that is, “hand-in-hand†grid structure). However, the pressure distribution network has a large lifting space, the power grid structure is relatively weak, and the network wiring mode is complex. It is difficult to form standardization.
In addition, the foreign advanced 10 (20) kV city network overhead line insulation rate is as high as 80%, while the domestic current only reached 22.4%. Ma Wei, chief expert of intelligent distribution network of China Electric Power Research Institute, pointed out that first-tier cities strive to build a network architecture with reliability and flexibility, fully realize dual-side power supply and ring network structure, strengthen medium-voltage line contact rate, and improve load transfer. Capacity; for other cities and towns, combined with local economy and load development, firstly solve the problem of insufficient N-1 capacity of high-voltage distribution network, “single-line single-change†problem, and gradually improve the shortage of medium-voltage distribution network and insufficient line communication; The area first improved the power supply radius.
Second, continue to increase the application of new technologies. The introduction of centralized management of distribution systems, using advanced communication networks, using a unified platform and model to achieve monitoring, control, maintenance, energy management (EMS), distribution management (DMS), market operations (MOS) The integrated integration with other types of information systems will ultimately achieve a high degree of integration of grid information.
At the same time, with the sensing technology and measurement technology, real-time monitoring and measurement of the operation status of the transmission and distribution equipment, and then timely and effective collection, integration, and data analysis of the measured data, better realized The goal of a safe, economical, reliable and efficient distribution network.
In addition, the application of high-voltage and high-power power electronic devices and equipment, as well as the invention and use of new high-performance electrodes, energy storage, dielectrics and hydrogen storage materials; and other new materials, such as nanocomposites, fields (including electric and magnetic fields) Control and temperature control of nonlinear dielectric materials, new insulation materials, insulators - metal phase change materials, new ferromagnetic materials, power sensor materials for high efficiency and low energy consumption. The application of new materials and new technologies will simplify the structure and control of the grid, optimize the operation of the grid, and respond to power fluctuations and grid faults.
Ma Wei believes that first-tier cities should still focus on improving the construction of medium and low-voltage optical fibers and other communication networks; other regions should strengthen the construction of high- and medium-voltage communication infrastructure, and develop appropriate levels of automation equipment with appropriate degrees. The development of adaptive power equipment and protection equipment can significantly reduce the technical requirements of the power grid for sensing, communication and data processing, which is very beneficial for improving the safety and reliability of the power grid and comprehensive benefits.
Again, it is necessary to allocate grid resources reasonably. In the process of grid resource allocation, focus on the grid resource allocation work in the initial design stage of the grid, combined with national requirements and engineering requirements, and select appropriate wire and cable according to the specific conditions of the distribution network project; in the process of distribution network design, Combine the different lengths of the line, and put the power load forecasting work in place according to different seasons and time periods; when managing and using the materials, ensure the integrity of the distribution network operation system, in the high standard management mode. With the help of the above, the resources are allocated as a whole, and the use of resources is strictly controlled; the effective implementation of the inspection and control measures is fully implemented, and the last "defense line" is built for the reliability of power supply.
At the same time, comprehensively and systematically grasp the health level of existing distribution network equipment and networks as the starting point for lean and efficient management of distribution network assets. In view of the large amount of power distribution equipment, the relatively low price of the unit, and the complex and variable structure of the distribution network, Ma Wei pointed out that it is necessary to deepen the development of the asset management theory/application system adapted to China's national conditions and distribution network management and control methods as soon as possible. And carry out the pilot work in depth, and then promote the application of useful programs.
In 2020, China will basically build a modern distribution network that is coordinated with urban and rural areas, safe and reliable, economical and efficient, technologically advanced, and environmentally friendly, and adapted to a well-off society. To this end, the construction and transformation of smart distribution networks must be carried out.
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