A hydrogen fuel cell refers to a device in which hydrogen generates electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen (a "hydrogen internal combustion engine" driven solely by combustion of hydrogen, which has also appeared, such as BMW's hydrogen energy 7 series). The driving force of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comes from a motor like a pure electric vehicle. Therefore, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle can be understood as a "electric vehicle with a hydrogen fuel generator." Let's take a look at the related content with the car electronics editor.
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â— Pursuit of a terminally polarized car
Contemporary clean energy vehicles have entered a century of diversification, diversification and multi-dimensional development. In the field of electric vehicles, especially the development of pure electric vehicles, the FCEV is also an important part of the electric vehicle sequence. , the ideal emerging product.
Contemporary, the world, and of course China is setting off a FCEV fever. This is because FCEV has made breakthroughs in many related science and technology fields during the long-term innovation, accumulation, evolutionary experimental trial production and trial use. Progress, whether it is verified in principle, structural integration, functional progress has been very good, has formed a wave-type rolling transition, we can say that we have seen the general trend of FCEV towards industrialization .
Therefore, some scientists, engineers, scholars and entrepreneurs at home and abroad have once again suggested that FCEV may be a terminal product of automobiles, and it will lead to the arrival of the hydrogen economy society that is very desirable. At some recent auto industry forums, people in the automotive industry and related industries have shown more confidence in the development of FCEVs. They believe that they should not stay on the demonstration again, but should vigorously promote the process of commercialization. This is a new direction for promoting the real economy. One of the powerful measures to develop and promote the automobile industry from big to strong.
So what are the advantages of FCEV? Please see, as the main energy source of FCEV, the energy density is quite good. We use the world standard KW·h/kg as the coefficient, hydrogen energy is 33.3, natural gas is 13.8, gasoline is 12.1, gas is 8.4. Hydrogen is more than twice as high as gasoline; hydrogen is a secondary energy source, and its resources are very rich. As long as there is water, it can produce hydrogen. There are many other hydrogen production methods, which are inexhaustible "hydrogen mines" used by human society. FCEV runs only water, and the pollution of the atmosphere or the greenhouse gas should be “zeroâ€; the current FCEV can be inflated once, can run 700 kilometers, inflate only 3 minutes, and is still improving; currently FCEV's hydrogen production hydrogen is expensive, but it depends on the prospects. It may reach the same price as a conventional internal combustion engine 10 years ago, and then continue to decline. It is basically possible to achieve zero-cost hydrogen operation by 2050; it will also appear in the near future. FCEV's intelligent vehicles, especially to pay attention to overcome the hidden dangers of hydrogen energy unsafe operation, become a safer product.
The current and future of hydrogen fuel vehicles
Of course, some people currently believe that hydrogen energy preparation and application costs are high, and high-purity hydrogen extraction is difficult. These disadvantages are difficult to overcome. I want to use the evolutionary reasoning method in holographic theory, that is, the abyss method to analyze, that is, the development of things is divided into reversible and irreversible. If we use gasoline and diesel vehicles, it will inevitably produce air pollution and greenhouse effect. Although it can be reduced but not eliminated, and hydrogen is harmless and non-toxic, the current high cost of hydrogen can be overcome. The former is irreversible. The latter is reversible, which means that we use this as a basis to grasp the essential issues of the current situation and future of things, and to determine its purpose, which confirms why people have to use such a long history of more than 200 years and persevere Exploring and studying hydrogen and fuel cell problems, it can be said that a major scientific application is experienced through a natural history process from birth to birth to development and growth. This is the inevitable law of historical evolution and the ultimate goal. Key factor.
FCEV is both an old and new high-tech product, and its long history can be traced back to more than two hundred years. In 1801, British scientist H. Davy invented the principle of fuel cells; in 1889, British scientist Mond first used industrial coal and air synthesis equipment to produce hydrogen, and officially used the name of the fuel cell; in the 1950s, Professor Bacon of Cambridge University, England The 5kw fuel cell was successfully tested with high-pressure hydrogen and used in the laboratory. In 1965, the US GE company installed the fuel cell on the Apollo (Appollo) moon landing spacecraft to provide electricity. In 2002, US President Bush formulated the Free Car Plan (Freedom). CAR)", research on the application of fuel cell vehicle industrialization, and the continuous exploration of FCEV has left a lot of experience and lessons; in 2003 the United States proposed the establishment of "International Hydrogen Energy Economic Partnership (IPHE)", the United States and Western Europe, etc. All countries are involved, and China is also among them. In May 2004, the second IPHE Steering Committee meeting was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. In 2007, General Motors of the United States and Canada's well-known Ballard Fuel Cell Company, in Chevrolet. The Equinox sedan is equipped with a fuel cell for trial operation and continues to improve the experiment. In the same year, the European Union proposed the European Clean Urban Traffic Meter. Planning (CUTE), plans to carry out fuel cell bus demonstrations in Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, Luxembourg, Madrid, Stockholm and other cities; in 2011, Daimler-Benz Germany launched a demonstration of FCEV global tour, invested in Citano fuel cell There are 36 passenger cars, and 20 traffic operators are responsible for the tour. The whole operation has reached 4.8 million kilometers. The EU issued the Horizon 2020 Plan in 2014, pointing out that by 2020, the fuel cell applications will reach 200,000. Vehicles, 1000 hydrogen refueling stations, more than 50% of hydrogen source from non-petrochemical energy generation, the cost will be reduced by 90%; May 23rd International 23rd IPHE Steering Committee was held in Wuhan, China, a good exchange of international hydrogen The latest developments in energy and fuel cells, as well as the next steps, also provide a good opportunity for China to strengthen international cooperation and share resources; in May 2016, the Asian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Conference was held in Shanghai and held a special show. The focus is on hydrogen and fuel cell equipment, which is a good boost for the development of FCEV.
It should be pointed out here that the international automotive industry believes that 2015 is the first year of FCEV. This is mainly based on the official commercial operation of Toyota's “Mirai†(Mirai). Mirai power 113kw, torque 335N·M , equivalent to 2.0 engine car level, continued 500 kilometers, cost 7.2 million yen in Japan, government subsidy 2 million yen, market price 5 million yen (about 260,000 yuan), and the "crown" sedan The price is similar. Toyota produced and sold 700 vehicles in 2015 and 1,600 vehicles in 2016, of which one-third will be exported. In 2017, 30 million vehicles will be planned. In 2020, the Olympic Games in Tokyo will be launched, with plans to launch 30,000 vehicles. At the same time, Honda, Mitsubishi, Mazda, Daihatsu and other companies have also thrown their own FCEV, Honda's ClarityFCEV has reached 589 kilometers. Recently, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan announced that the "Strategy Map of Fuel Cell Vehicles and the White Paper on Hydrogen Energy Society" mentioned that the goal of achieving 2 million vehicles in 2025 and 1,800 hydrogen refueling stations in 2030, corresponding to quality, cost and supporting engineering facilities We must improve very well and form a large-scale capability to go to market.
China is also a country that attaches great importance to and actively develops FCEVs. As early as 20 years ago, in the "10th Five-Year Plan" 863 major project, it was clearly pointed out that it should support the research and development of FCEV, and allocate 380 million yuan. In the "11. 5" and "12. 5" plans, energy conservation In the major projects of new energy vehicles, FCEV was listed as a key project to support development; in January 2014, China Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance was established in Shanghai, and Tongji University, Tsinghua University, Wuhan University of Technology, and Chongqing University participated. FAW, Dongfeng, SAIC, Changan, Chery and other auto and parts companies are involved, fuel cells and their affiliates are also involved, with the aim of stepping up the integration of production, learning and research, better conquering core technologies and strengthening the FCEV industry. Rapid development; in April this year, the three ministries and commissions on the "medium and long-term development plan for the automotive industry" further strengthened the strategic position of FCEV, and proposed three time node requirements. In 2020, small-scale demonstration applications will be carried out in public service vehicles in specific regions. In 2025, the number of private cars and public service vehicles will be applied in batches, no less than 10,000 vehicles. By 2030, it will be scaled in private passenger vehicles and large commercial vehicles. Promotion, no less than 100,000 vehicles. At the same time, the three ministries and commissions issued the "2016-2020 New Energy Vehicle Promotion and Application Financial Support Policy Notice" pointed out that in addition to fuel cell vehicles in 2017-2020, the subsidy standards for other new energy vehicles will be degraded, and fuel Battery car subsidies remain unchanged, and even individual car types have improved. This shows that the country is paying more and more attention to and support for hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicles at the macro level.
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