Perhaps for the “unemployed†people, the most important thing that the sharing economy can provide is to allow them to “more appropriately†spend this difficult period.
According to the data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the utilization rate of steel production in China has dropped to around 70%, and the average debt ratio of major and medium-sized enterprises in the steel industry statistics has exceeded 70%. The Chinese State Council issued a document on February 4 stating that, based on the elimination of backward steel production capacity in recent years, starting from 2016, the crude steel production capacity will be reduced by 100 million to 150 million tons in 5 years and the coal production will be compressed significantly. Such overcapacity has triggered a new round of state-owned enterprise reforms. As a direct result, employees of millions of state-owned enterprises will face unemployment .
In March of this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China released a report saying that the reform of state-owned enterprises will lay off 1.3 million coal mining system personnel and 500,000 steel system personnel, and this is just an official figure. The real situation may be more severe than this, according to foreign media Reuters, the only source quoted two sources in March this year, saying that in response to the State Council's "capacity to remove" call, China plans to in the next two to three years from the "zombie enterprises" Reduced 5-6 million employees in state-owned enterprises.
In any case, this will be the largest layoff plan for Chinese state-owned enterprises in 20 years.
(Shanxi Coal Mine Worker Prepares for Bathing) From: Reuters
Given the current imperfect state of welfare in China, the remaining question for at least 1.8 million people is: What should I do if I lose my job ?
These releases a large number of unemployed people in a short period of time. The general level of education is low and there is no special expertise. When Chinese university graduates are struggling to find work, their "re-employment" becomes even more difficult.
Obviously, the state-owned enterprises that were forced to be laid off and their salaries were reduced expressed their dissatisfaction. According to data provided by the Hong Kong-based China Labour Bulletin, the number of strikes and labor protests in China reached 2,774 in the past year, about the number in 2014. Times. The improper placement of these unemployed people may give birth to more social problems.
Mobile travel supports laid-off workers "re-employment"Jia Guangxin was originally a civilian employee who worked for 27 years at the Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant. During this wave of laid-off workers, he was lucky enough to transfer to the Qingshan District Public Security Bureau as an auxiliary police officer. However, his income dropped suddenly. Considering the daughter who is still in high school and thinking about it, then find a part-time job. He bought a Citroen Elysee loan, access to the network about the car platform, start the express driver, has now received hundreds of single.
Zhao Kun, who is in his 30s, entered the Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant in 2000 and is a first-line metallurgical worker. Although he has not been laid off, his wages have been reduced to more than 2,000. At the end of last year, he began to try a part-time drip drive, earning 123,300 yuan per month, free time, and control of his life. After careful consideration, he made a decision to withdraw from Wuhan Iron and Steel Corp. and became a full-time online vehicle. driver.
(actively resigned Zhao Kun) Picture from: Tencent Pictures
Such cases as Jia Guangxin and Zhao Kun are not cases. Mobile travel has become a new “career choice†for many people due to the low threshold and flexible employment forms. According to statistics, in March of this year, after Wuhan Iron and Steel Company diverted its employees, at least 7,000 steel workers joined the ranks of Didi platform drivers.
On July 18th, Didi traveled to publish the “Relocation and Support of Key Employment-Reducing Provinces Reemployment Report†(hereinafter referred to as “Reportâ€), claiming that as of the end of May 2016, Didi provided 17 key energy-producing provinces 38.86 million jobs (including express trains and driving trips). What is the concept of 388.6 million people? Statistics from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security show that by the end of 2015, the registered unemployed population in urban areas in China was 9.66 million, with 3.886 million people accounting for 40% of the total.
Moreover, in areas with poor material conditions and poor economic performance, the number of express drivers is even higher. According to the report, the geographical distribution of drivers in decapacity areas is 8% in the east, 28% in the southwest (1.088 million), 26% in the middle (1.01 million), and 19% in the western and northeastern provinces. 738,000.
The 30 key cities in the 17 key production-reducing provinces in the Report
Of the 38.86 million jobs, 1,099,000 were drivers who had worked in the capacity-removing industry, 1,231,000 were formerly unemployed drivers, and 179,000 were formerly military drivers. The original driver of the coal and steel industry was about 530,000, with coal, steel and steel drivers in Shanxi, Sichuan and Heilongjiang accounting for the highest proportion.
Of these online taxi drivers from the de-capacity industry, 14.6% have been laid off from these enterprises to become full-time drivers; 85.4% of them are on the platform. Most people use online taxi drivers as a transitional career before finding new jobs.
Not only are the drops, but Uber has done similar research. On June 23, the research group of the School of Labor and Human Resources of Renmin University released “Platform Economy and New Employment Form: China Uber Employment Promotion Research Report (2016)â€. The report selected 15478 Uber drivers from 9 cities including Beijing as research. sample.
In the survey sample, 26.7% of the platform drivers were laid-off and unemployed before the Uber step. Based on this ratio, Uber is theoretically able to provide millions of laid-off workers with income. Among the driver groups, 32% of laid-off unemployed people come from surplus production industries such as coal and steel, and more than half of the laid-off unemployed people in overcapacity industries regard UC Uber as their sole source of income.
Tech In Asia recently reported on the conversion of laid-off employees of Chinese state-owned enterprises to online taxi drivers. In the article below, one reader commented: “Given the extremely high risk of the Chinese coal mining industry, I think DDT drivers are obviously very A good temporary job. Although the reward is not high, it is at least slower than suffocating in the dark."
Leaving the old kingdom of state-owned enterprises and becoming a net-driver in the car seems to have become the choice of most of the laid-off workers of state-owned enterprises. In the period of China's economic transition, the Internet sharing economy is quietly exerting its power.
The "decent" under the sharing economyIn recent years, sharing of economic ventures has become a hot spot for investment in the global capital market. According to statistics from Crowd Companies, the amount of global investment in the sharing economy during 2010-2013 totaled US$4.3 billion, and the investment amounts for the two years of 2014 and 2015 were US$8.5 billion and US$14.206 billion (total of US$22.7 billion) within two years. The risk of capital flowing into the sharing economy has grown by more than five times.
According to the China Sharing Economic Development Report 2016, it shows:
There has also been an explosive growth in the number of companies that have access to venture capital in the sharing field in recent years and the amount of financing. In 2015 alone, the total amount of financing already announced by Didi Travel has exceeded RMB 22.945 billion. US Mission Network and Ant Financial have received a total financing of 138.6 and RMB 12.1 billion respectively.
In 2015, China's share of the economic market was approximately 1965.6 billion yuan. About 50 million people are involved in providing services in the sharing economy, accounting for about 5.5% of the total workforce. The total number of people participating in economic activities has exceeded 500 million.
It is not only the Internet travel market. Taking the household management industry as an example, it is based on flexible employment groups. There are about 650,000 companies in the national government sector and more than 25 million employees.
These large numbers mean that some people with weaker vocational skills in the society have more and more flexible part-time opportunities and relieve the economic pressure before finding formal jobs, which is one of the driving forces for the initial birth of the sharing economy. As Christopher Marquis, a Harvard Business School professor, said, the initial registration of people who rented out their cars and homes on Lyft or Airbnb was mainly due to desperation for the 2008 financial crisis and people had to look elsewhere. Ways to make money to subsidize home .
For these batches of laid-off workers of state-owned enterprises, the sharing economy seems to provide them with “refuges†to avoid repeating the tragedy of the previous state-owned enterprise reform.
The reform of state-owned enterprises in the 1990s made China's first round of laid-off waves surge. At least 10 million workers in the country have lost their “iron rice bowls†for survival. Many dual-family couples and couples have lost their jobs and the family has been shrouded in desperation.
Perhaps for the "unemployed" people, the most important point shared economy can provide is that they can quickly find temporary jobs through the online platform, so as to "more decent" to spend this difficult period.
Picture from: Credit Suisse