Part III: Drone Research Report
(twelve)
UAV key technology
The development of drones using a wide range of technologies has made the once cumbersome carriers and systems outside the “combat trust circle†(trusted by soldiers) begin to undertake important tasks in the combat area, which was unpredictable a few years ago. . With the significant increase in battery life and computer processing levels, sensor size and complexity, and improvements in reliability, maintainability, automation, and operator interface, current drones have become extremely important in the hands of commanders. a tool.
In the first decade of the 21st century, when commanders have become accustomed to the operational performance (and limitations) of drones, the next few decades have begun to present two challenges and fight against the current Very different. First, the strategic shift of national security to the Asia-Pacific theater means that different operational considerations need to be based on the environment and potential adversary strength. Second, the tight government fiscal environment (without overseas emergency operations (OCO) funding) and at most flat base budget levels present challenges for drone operators and suppliers seeking efficiency in terms of total cost constraints. This includes manufacturing, avionics, scheduling, and human and logistics support. This kind of challenge is two-sided, because every aspect can't be avoided on the other hand, that is, the operational needs must be met in a budget-constrained context, and should be considered separately from the three phases of the near, medium and long term.
This chapter focuses on six aspects of drone technology improvements. These technologies reflect the Department of Defense's shift in strategic focus and the need for all systems to reduce costs in accordance with the life cycle, including drones. In each respect, the development goals for the near, medium and long term are discussed separately, and the definitions for each phase are shown in the following table:
Short-term, medium-term and long-term development goals
The six key technologies of the Department of Defense aimed at enhancing operational capabilities and reducing costs are: interoperability and modularity; communication systems, spectrum and resiliency; research and intelligence/technology protection (RITP); sustained resilience; autonomy and cognition Behavior; new weapons related technologies. Other important aspects include sensor airdrops, weather perception, high performance computing, and more.
1. Interoperability and modularity
Sensors and weapon technology are rapidly maturing, and processing power and algorithm development often exceeds the speed of the Department of Defense's ability to upgrade and turn significant advances into real-world platforms. Numerous sensor, communication and weapon systems are constantly evolving due to the use of commercial processing and electronic standard technologies. Coupled with the technical updates of the major US Department of Defense systems over the past few years, there are many challenges within the platform (modularity) and between platforms (interoperability). An interoperable interface that increases modularity and increases cross-domain data sharing helps minimize future life cycle costs, reduces force structure requirements, and quickly adapts to new threats and technologies.
2. Communication systems, spectrum and flexibility
The challenges that all drones (unlike purely autonomous systems) need to include include the availability of communication links, the amount of data supported by the communication link, the authentication of the communication spectrum, and the interference of RF (radio frequency) systems (such as electromagnetic interference). Adapt to flexibility.
3. Research and Intelligence/Technical Protection (RITP)
UAVs often involve critical process information and sensitive, confidential data when performing tasks, and therefore require research and intelligence/technical protection. Drones must include appropriate security measures that not only prevent unauthorized access/control, unauthorized or unintentional data disclosure, maintain technical advantages, but also enable new sensors, weapons, and operating software to adapt more quickly.
4. Continuous resilience
UAVs are more sustainable due to their significant fuel/weight ratio advantages and can be better utilized to provide longer effective dwell times for drone designs. In addition, future miniaturization of avionics, power and propulsion systems, and storage management systems will result in smaller systems, coupled with better sustainability, to minimize investment. Increasing sustainability requires improvements in reliability, maintainability and viability. Therefore, when improvements in performance such as size, weight, power, and cooling (SWaP-C) have become a feature of all future systems, including drones, they also address system reliability, maintainability, and survivability. Higher requirements to ensure wartime efficiency for a variety of uses.
5. Autonomy and cognitive behavior
Almost all drones require proactive control of their basic equipment operations and behaviors that affect communication, manpower, and system efficiency. One of the biggest costs in the Department of Defense budget is manpower. In combat, a large amount of human resources are devoted to the command of the drone during mission performance, data collection and analysis, planning, and re-planning. Therefore, the most important thing for the Department of Defense is to add systems/sensors that not only can access important information, but also can form/record/replay/plan and analyze this information, deliver “executable†information rather than the original information. Analyze automation technology. This can greatly reduce the risk of manpower requirements and casualties, and increase the effectiveness of the action.
6. New weapon related technologies
In order to make full use of various drones, it is necessary to upgrade various drones with technological advances in weapons. Extend the UAV's weapon delivery options, including new munition options, integrate new capabilities on the unmanned force structure, add other weapon platforms, and take advantage of major breakthroughs in specific weapon-related technology areas to achieve a leap in weapon performance.
7. Sensor airdrop
Unmanned sensors were widely used during the Vietnam War, greatly reducing the use of personnel and equipment in southern Vietnam. The use of multiple sensors can be used to indicate alarms, communication relays, weather forecasts, activity identification, high-value personnel/target detection, power weapon signal indication, near real-time alarms, and predictive activity through array placement. The use of unmanned marine systems to install sensors increases duration, judgment/identification activities and targets. This approach can be achieved in designated areas and/or without the need for manpower or multiple high-demand attacks in enemy areas. Specify the detection of a point.
Many unmanned platforms are already equipped with external equipment for controlled screening and/or autonomous covert activities. Unmanned ground sensor technology is rapidly evolving and can collect and report on specific information, using coordinate addressing capabilities to provide accurate concealed mounting locations. On the drone, sensors that complement each other are generally configured to provide image information to support mission planning and path tracking while providing an accurate installation location. In the future, the drone platform is an ideal tool for traversing the battlefield area and accurately delivering sensors and non-kinetic weapons. Its future capabilities also include the deployment of “paste robots†that can track and identify people passing through an area.
8. Weather perception
Many military missions require accurate and timely weather forecasts to help commanders improve sensor planning and data collection to avoid potential weather-related accidents. The drone platform can fly over different altitudes, all weather, and over the operational area to facilitate access to meteorological data. Accurate weather reporting also supports the synchronization of complementary ground and flight planning. Future weather reports can be obtained in real time from the distributed public earth station weather application software and the Continental Weather Center in the United States, and corrected by other weather information to provide more accurate predictions for tactical commanders. Weather sensor information is automatically formatted and sent to the operational commander and other appropriate weather forecasting and reporting locations via an automated data path through the platform data link. With the significant increase in the duration of drones, weather forecasting is becoming more and more important. Accurate forecasts can ensure more accurate launch, recovery, and distance limits, avoid potential weather-related accidents, and improve coordination between flight and ground operations. .
9. High performance computing
Ultra-high-capacity, high-definition sensors bring bandwidth problems. Each sensor and communication system has separate components to process a variety of information. This "individualism" has led to a wide range of non-standardized components, component interfaces, and SWaP-C configurations. Future technologies will provide standardized, serialized HPC capabilities for most drones. High-performance computing capabilities enable a common hardware-defining structure to be consistent with a common software-defined architecture to form a unified set of plug-and-play standard performance and application architectures for computational processing on a small, low-level backplane. UAV system providers can get a common structure that can greatly reduce the cost of integration. Technology insertion can also be supported using the HPC Series or general purpose hardware, such as one of several possible components being interchanged between processors, memory or other electronic devices. It can also further improve software download capabilities. HPC can be applied to multiple subsystems in drones to address cloud computing and multi-layer security, communications, open standards, data storage, cost, technology insertion, and SWaP-C challenges.
Source: "Weapons and Equipment Research Selected" International Defense Science and Technology Series (2015, No. 5, No. 15) The Management Research Center of China Electronics Science Research Institute compiled / picture from the original report or the Internet.
Part I: US Aircraft Research Report
Part II: Foreign AWACS Research Report
Foreign AWACS Research Report (1): Development History + Early Warning Aircraft Map
Foreign AWACS Research Report (II): US E-3 Series "Wanglou" Early Warning Aircraft
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