Abstract: NB-IoT started from the standard proposal in July last year, and began to warm up at the World Mobile Communications Conference in Barcelona in February this year. By June 20 this year, the NB-IoT standard core protocol was frozen, becoming the biggest hot spot in the communications industry. Now that it has been widely used, what are the characteristics and applications of NB-IOT technology? Let's look at the following together.
Introduction to NB IoTNB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things, NB-IoT) is an emerging technology for IoT-based cellular-based narrowband Internet of Things. It supports low-power devices in the WAN cellular data connection, also known as low-power WAN ( LPWA). NB-IoT only consumes about 180KHz frequency band, and can be directly deployed on GSM network, UMTS network or LTE network to support efficient connection of short standby time and high network connection requirements. Its main features are wide coverage, multiple connections, low speed, low cost, low power consumption and excellent architecture. The NB-IOT uses the license band and can adopt three deployment modes: in-band, guard band, or independent carrier.
LPWA (Low-Power Wide Area Network) can be divided into two categories: LoRa, SigFox and other technologies working on unlicensed spectrum; and 2/3/4G cellular communication technology supported by 3GPP under the licensed spectrum. Such as EC-GSM, LTE Cat-m, NB-IoT, etc. The representative technology under the licensed spectrum is NB-IOT, and the representative technology of the unlicensed spectrum is LoRa (Long Range). LoRa is a technology dedicated to radio modems issued by Semech. LoRa combines digital spread spectrum, digital signal processing and forward error correction coding. It is known that there are millions of devices worldwide. IoT nodes use this technology to connect to each other.
Various wireless communication technology rate and coverage distance icons
In the future, NB-IoT will shine in carrier-grade networks, bringing wide coverage, large connectivity, and low-cost network solutions for the Internet of Things era. LoRa is fast and flexible in smart city, industry and enterprise-specific applications. deploy. Both network technologies can fully complement each other in commercial use.
NB-IoT technology is an LPWA (Low Power WAN) solution defined by the 3GPP standard with the following advantages:
1. Massive connection: Up to 100,000 connections per cell; NB-IoT has 50-100 times higher uplink capacity than 2G/3G/4G, which means that in the case of the same base station, NB-IoT can be compared Existing wireless technologies provide 50 to 100 times the number of accesses.
2. Ultra-low power consumption: battery life is up to ten years;
Low-power features are an important indicator for IoT applications, especially for devices and occasions where batteries cannot be replaced frequently, such as sensors that are placed in remote areas of the Alpine Wilderness. The battery life of several years is the most essential requirement. In the absence of breakthroughs in battery technology, battery power can only be extended by reducing device power consumption. The energy consumed by a communication device is often related to the amount or rate of data, that is, the size of the data packet sent per unit time determines the amount of power consumption. The amount of data is small, and the modem and amplifier of the device can be adjusted to a very small level. NB-IoT focuses on small data volume and small rate applications, so the power consumption of NB-IoT devices can be very small, which can guarantee the battery life of more than 5 years.
3. Deep coverage: can achieve 20db higher coverage gain than GSM;
NB-IoT boosts 20dB gain over LTE, which is equivalent to a 100x increase in transmit power, which means 100 times more coverage, even in places where underground garages, basements, underground pipes and other signals are difficult to reach.
4. Security: Inherit 4G network security capabilities, support two-way authentication and strict air interface encryption to ensure the security of user data;
5. Stable and reliable: Provides carrier-grade reliability access, effectively supporting IoT applications and smart city solutions.
NB-IoT can be directly deployed on GSM network, UMTS network or LTE network, and can be reused with existing network base stations to reduce deployment cost and achieve smooth upgrade. However, using a separate 180KHz band does not occupy the voice and data bandwidth of the existing network. To ensure that traditional business and future IoT business can be carried out stably and reliably at the same time. Taking the smart meter reading application as an example, compared with the use of wired PLC meter reading data recovery success rate of about 60%, NB-IoT can ensure the data recovery rate is 99%, and the reliability is greatly improved.
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