In today's society, cars have become an indispensable means of transportation. While people enjoy the convenience and speed brought by automobiles, automobile traffic accidents have become an increasingly severe global social problem. As a result, people began to pay attention to car safety research, and various advanced car safety technologies, equipment and concepts began to emerge.
1. Development history of automobile safety technology
Since the 1960s, automobile safety has received extensive attention from governments and industries in various countries, and automobile safety technology has since embarked on a rapid development path. After the 1990s, with the widespread application of electronic technology, control technology, sensor technology and new materials in automotive products, automotive safety technology has developed more rapidly. Nowadays, the research of automotive safety technology has developed from the research and development of a single safety technology to the integration, systemization and intelligence of various safety technologies.
The integrated car safety system is to integrate the active safety and passive safety technologies of the car into a whole for comprehensive application. Systematization of automobile safety technology is to consider the "person-vehicle-environment" as a whole from a systematic point of view, so that the three can coordinate with each other to achieve the best match of their performance. The intelligent car safety system is based on modern detection technology, photoelectric sensing technology, computer technology and automatic control technology. It has specific identification and judgment capabilities, and can automatically assist the driver or control the car under various complex situations to ensure driving. Safety.
The integration of more and more high technology has greatly enhanced the safety of automobiles, and the intelligent transportation system that drives the modernization of the entire transportation is driving the development of automobile safety in a more human and intelligent direction.
2. Introduction to Intelligent Transportation System
With the steady increase of automobile production and ownership in China, as an effective means to solve traffic problems such as traffic accidents, traffic jams, and environmental pollution, intelligent transportation systems have received great attention from China's automobile manufacturing and usage departments.
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an effective and comprehensive application of advanced information technology, electronic sensing technology, data communication transmission technology, electronic control technology and computer processing technology to the entire transportation management system, and it uses vehicles, roads and users Closely combined to establish a real-time, efficient and accurate comprehensive transportation management system that plays a large-scale and comprehensive role.
Intelligent transportation system is a complex engineering application system involving many fields, mainly composed of the following parts: advanced traffic management system, advanced traffic information service system, advanced vehicle control and security system, commercial vehicle operation system, advanced public transportation system , Automated highway systems, etc.
3. Automobile safety system based on ITS
At present, the major foreign automobile manufacturers are increasing their investment under the coordination of their respective governments to fully develop and develop ITS-related systems. These systems tightly combine the "people-vehicle-road-environment" and other factors in road traffic, which can effectively improve the safety of vehicles and prevent traffic accidents.
3.1 Automobile Active Safety System Based on ITS
The active safety of automobiles is the main research content of "Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety System" in ITS. The ITS-based automotive active safety system considers "person-vehicle-road-environment" as a whole, uses modern information technology and sensor technology to expand the driver's perception ability, and uses the external information (such as speed, Other obstacles, distances, etc.) are passed to the driver, and at the same time identify whether it constitutes a hidden safety hazard in the comprehensive information of road conditions, vehicle conditions and drivers, etc., and send out early warning information when necessary. Avoid danger, ensure driving safety, and finally realize automatic driving.
The system can be divided into three levels: intelligent early warning system, vehicle assisted driving system and vehicle automatic driving system.
The intelligent early warning system uses various sensors to detect information such as the vehicle itself, the surrounding environment, and the driver's status. By comparing with the pre-set standards, it can determine whether the vehicle is in a dangerous state and the degree of danger. Warning the driver. At present, the main research of the system includes driver status monitoring system and collision warning system.
Vehicle assisted driving system refers to analysis, decision-making and planning of various information detected by sensors, to provide driving recommendations for drivers, or to partially replace drivers to control and operate vehicles. The main researches are: adaptive cruise control system, lane tracking system, parking assist system, etc. At present, the active collision avoidance system of the car that has been studied a lot belongs to this level.
As the highest level of smart car technology development, the vehicle automatic driving system is fully realized by the on-board computer to realize the vehicle operation function. It can achieve automatic guidance, automatic detection and avoidance of obstacles during exercise, and at the same time it can achieve high-speed driving on automatic highways.
3.2 Automobile Passive Safety System Based on ITS
The continuous improvement of automobile active safety technology has effectively reduced the occurrence of traffic accidents, but in reality many traffic accidents inevitably occur. Therefore, in order to minimize the degree of injury to the occupants and pedestrians after the accident, the passive safety of the car needs to be studied.
At present, the passive safety technologies of automobiles mainly include: energy-absorbing bodies and doors, intelligent airbags, occupant protection systems, pedestrian protection systems, emergency door lock release devices and fire extinguishing systems. These technologies can reduce the damage to occupants and pedestrians in traffic accidents to a certain extent. However, timely assistance to the injured after a traffic accident is also an effective measure to reduce losses and reduce the degree of injury.
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The ITS-based automotive passive safety system is a combination of the vehicle and the advanced traffic management and traffic information system in ITS. Through GPS, sensors and other devices installed on the vehicle, after the traffic accident, the vehicle's location and vehicle Relevant information such as damage and occupant status in the car is quickly recorded, and with the help of the advanced information network platform constructed by ITS, information feedback is provided to the emergency rescue system for traffic accidents in order to obtain timely assistance. The system can greatly improve the response speed of accidents, effectively reduce the injury rate and mortality, thereby improving driving safety.
At present, the research achievements of this system mainly include automatic collision notification device (ACN), and intelligent "black box" of automobiles.
The automatic collision notification device can automatically sense the collision of the vehicle when an accident occurs and immediately transmit the collision pulse information to the emergency dispatch center and the damage center. Collision pulse information includes vehicle speed, impact force direction, vehicle position, vehicle model, engine speed, whether the driver is wearing a seat belt, etc. The computer map of the emergency dispatch center immediately showed the location of the accident. The injury center predicts the degree of injury of the wounded based on the above data, and arranges an appropriate rescue force in time.
In addition to being able to objectively record the driver's operation process and various reactions before the vehicle accident, the intelligent "black box" of the vehicle can also monitor the vehicles installed with this system in real time due to the built-in global positioning system. In the event of a car accident, the traffic accident handling center closest to the accident site can obtain information such as the speed of the accident and passenger casualties in a few seconds, and arrange rescue quickly and reasonably based on this information.
To sum up, this paper builds an automotive safety system framework based on ITS as shown in the figure.
4 Conclusion
The combination of intelligent transportation system and automobile safety technology has become a hot spot in current automobile research, which has aroused widespread attention. In this paper, by studying the active and passive safety of automobiles in an intelligent transportation environment, an automobile safety system framework based on ITS is established.
High-voltage Current Transformer
Classification of high-voltage transformers:
1. Classified by function:
Voltage transformer: such as JDZ series
Current transformer: such as LZZB series
2. Classified by filling material:
Oil type transformer: internally filled with insulating oil
Dry Type Transformer: filled with epoxy resin internally
3. According to the closure level
Semi enclosed transformer: For example, the corner shaped JDZ transformer, wiring terminals, and other parts are exposed, while other parts are enclosed.
Fully enclosed transformer: The whole body is enclosed.
In AC circuits, transformers are commonly used to convert high voltage into low voltage, and large current into small current, which is then used for measurement, control, and protection. This not only increases the range of measuring instruments, facilitates instrument standardization, reduces the voltage and current of control and protection equipment, but also isolates the instruments from equipment or high-voltage circuits, ensuring the safety of instruments, equipment, and personnel.
Current transformers, Transformer for Ring Main Cabinet, dry type current transformers, specialized transformers, High voltage transformers
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