What is HD? In 2016, director Ang Lee’s "4K, 3D, 120 frames" that the actor’s pores could see in the "Billilin's midfield battle" made the ordinary audience sound unclear. Still returning to 2008, the domestic media achieved HD broadcast for the first time? Or can consumers see clear images and text effortlessly in any place with a screen?
In April 2006, the Ministry of Information Industry announced the digital HDTV standard, including HDTV signals capable of accepting and outputting 1920×1080i; the image sharpness must be greater than or equal to 720 lines in the vertical direction; the aspect ratio is 16:9; backward compatible with standard definition TV, can decode the sound of digital TV, etc.
If there is a format higher than 1920×1080i, would you still think that the above scene is HD? Once the 8K resolution concept is activated, the industry ecology from content production and transmission to decoding, playback, and display will revolutionize the industry.
8K turns the impossible influence into reality
For future life, 8K resolution turns imaging applications that were impossible in the past into reality. Data collection is the key to the Internet era. Data collection is the foundation of the 8K ecosystem. Massive image big data has revolutionized the development of technology and the design of scenes.
Due to the current technical limitations of the device side, ordinary consumers are not blessed with higher resolution HD. 1080p is not the top quality. Before 8K resolution, Youtube has taken the lead in introducing a video mode of 4096×2304 resolution, which quadruples the total pixel of 1080p resolution and opens a new era of high-definition video.
The TV 4K resolution known to consumers is 4096 × 2160 pixel resolution, which is 4 times the resolution of 2K projectors and HDTVs, and belongs to ultra high definition resolution. At present, the 8K resolution is the digital video standard in the experiment. The 7680x4320 resolution is the international 8K super high definition television (SHV) standard. The SHV is the "super high definition image system" that surpasses the current digital TV, and is from the Japanese NHK Multimedia Company. Started research and development in 1995.
The total number of pixels in 8K resolution is about 16 times that of 1080P (FHD) products. In addition to the details of the "fine-grained", 8K images can also make people feel the picture level and reproduce the three-dimensional sense. At present, there are still many problems in the process of 8K from content, transmission, decoding, playback to display, which is the main reason why 8K has not yet detonated the market.
Foxconn, BOE 8K layout of industrial chain
On April 9-11, 2018, the 6th China Electronic Information Expo (CITE2018) was held in Shenzhen Convention and Exhibition Center. Dr. Chen Zhenguo, Vice President of Hon Hai (Foxconn) Group, delivered a keynote speech at the 2018 China Smart TV Industry Entrepreneur Summit He said that the large size and ultra high definition are the general direction of China's consumption upgrade, and the speed of 8K ultra HD to build the ecology will be beyond imagination.
Thanks to the strong industrial integration strength, after Foxconn joined hands with Sharp, it successfully created two vertical integration chains of 8K ecology and two horizontal integration chains. The first vertical integration is the vertical integration of the industry chain. The entire 8K industry is not only a camera, content production, content editing, content storage, content transmission, as well as playback equipment, broadcast carriers, etc. .
Under these two vertical integrations, Foxconn has built two horizontal integrations. The first 8K is used in 11 screens, from mobile phones, NBs, PCs, TVs, electronic whiteboards, large screens, car networking screens, etc. 11 Horizontal integration of the screen carrier; in addition, there is another horizontal integration, that is, each application and content, two vertical integration, two horizontal integration, Foxconn and Sharp to create a complete 8K ecology. This 8K ecosystem can be applied to work, education, family socialization, entertainment, safety, health, and trade and transportation. The whole ecology is not only B2C consumers, but also B2B.
In terms of future layout, Sharp is participating in the Shenzhen Luhu 8K Industrial Base Project, and the entire industrial base will become 8K and 5G R&D centers and 8K content production and broadcasting centers. It turns out that under the impetus of Foxconn and Sharp, the 8K ecology is rapidly improving.
Not only Foxconn, but in 2013, BOE launched the world's first 98-inch 8K ultra-high-definition display; in 2014, it was shipped successively, and combined with NHK Multimedia to carry out more than 30 8K photography and broadcast demonstration tours in Japan. In 2015, BOE has developed 110-inch 8K display and 82-inch 8K display. These products have won many international awards. In 2016, BOE developed the world's thinnest 65-inch 8K. The display, in 2017, introduced 27-inch and 75-inch 8K products. In 2018, BOE will also achieve mass production of 75-inch 120 Hz 8K products.
BOE's model is different from Foxconn. It is committed to filling the shortcomings of 8K industry content. BOE's 4K/8K image service cloud platform provides a platform for displaying, sharing and trading ultra-high-definition content. Consumers choose on this platform. The purchased 8K content can be sent to the BOE 8K decoding player via the cloud platform, and then the finished product can be viewed on the 8K display terminal.
Innovation from 8K resolution to display panel industry chain
In the industrial chain, 8K includes shooting, production, content operation, coding and transmission, display, etc. In terms of ecological chain, content capture, encoding and decoding, transmission and display are four major sectors. In recent years, many companies have conducted research on 8K cameras. NHK, Hitachi, Canon and other companies have exhibited their own 8K cameras. Some of them have been commercialized, but 8K cameras are still very limited in commercialization. .
In terms of codec, 8K requires lossless coding and decoding techniques. At the same time, in order to ensure the subsequent transmission, a compression technique with higher compression efficiency is needed. For example, the H.265 compression technology released in 2013 has more than doubled the compression efficiency of H.264, which can further reduce the transmission bandwidth of 8K content. At present, the hardware development of H.265 technology is mainly concentrated in 4K, which is suitable for 4K display technology, but 8K hardware has yet to be further developed.
In terms of transmission, 8K has multiple transmission schemes, such as satellite transmission, terrestrial wave, cable and internet. The earliest use of 8K information transmission was satellite transmission. In 2013, NHK conducted 8K satellite transmission test work and proposed the SDK standard. The ground wave scheme also achieves lossless transmission of 8K information within 27 km by using OFDM technology. In addition, the wired transmission scheme proposes the DVB-C2 standard through the multi-channel bonding technology, and can also realize the transmission of 8K information.
In fact, what really has a huge impact on 8K applications is Internet transmission technology, especially 5G technology. As an entry-level 8K TV, to ensure a screen of 30 frames per second or less, the transmission bandwidth must be at least 50 megabytes or more; as an operation level 8K TV, to ensure 60 frames per second, the transmission bandwidth needs to reach more than 100 megabytes; if 8K The TV picture needs to be more perfect, requiring a transmission bandwidth of 200 to 400 megabytes. The Akamai report shows that in the first quarter of 2017, the global average broadband speed was 7.2 trillion per second.
Therefore, from the perspective of transmission, if you want to support the transmission of 8K information, you need more efforts in the industry. But 5G is another solution for 8K information transmission, which can fully support 8K information transmission. It is understood that 5G technology is developing very fast, and testing will be completed in 2017. It is expected that commercialization will be achieved by 2020.
In terms of display, 8K requires high-quality display devices that meet the BT2020 standard. According to the BT2020 standard, the most important display terminal is the number of pixels to reach 8K. In addition, 8K TV has a very difficult technical indicator to achieve a 120Hz refresh rate. From the perspective of various technical solutions, only oxide technology can support 8K 120 Hz products.
summary
If China wants to lead the industry in the 8K era, it needs to open up the 8K industrial ecosystem as soon as possible. In addition to technological innovation, it is also necessary for upstream and downstream enterprises to get through the 8K industrial chain and finally achieve 8K commercialization. By opening up the entire industry chain of shooting, production, content operation, coding and transmission, display, etc., 8K resolution display products can completely replace the products on the market.
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