We live in a three-dimensional three-dimensional world, but the images presented on the retina of the human eye (single left or right eye) are two-dimensional images. These two-dimensional images are finally presented after a complex fusion reaction of the human brain. Three-dimensional image. As the next generation of new display technologies developed by countries all over the world, 3D stereoscopic display is gradually becoming a compelling frontier technology field. In recent years, stereoscopic display technology has been applied more and more in the fields of television broadcasting, video games, medical treatment, education, etc. Three-dimensional display has developed from movie screens to television terminals, computer terminals, smart phone terminals, tablet terminals, and the like.
At present, the mainstream three-dimensional display has occupied more than half of the country. The known three-dimensional display devices include stereoscopic vision, helmet-type display, CAVE, naked-eye stereoscopic display and true three-dimensional display. The main 3D stereo display technologies are as follows.
Glasses 3D display technology
Glasses-type 3D technology, we can subdivide three main types: color difference, polarized and active shutter, which is commonly referred to as the color separation method, the light division method and the time division method.
Chromatic 3D technology (Anaglyphic3D): Used in passive red-blue (or red-green, red-green) color filter 3D glasses. This technology has the longest history, the imaging principle is simple, the implementation cost is quite low, the cost of glasses is only a few dollars, but the 3D picture effect is also the worst. The color difference type 3D first separates the spectral information by the rotating filter wheel, and uses different color filters to filter the picture, so that one picture can produce two images, and each eye of the person sees a different image. However, this method tends to cause color cast at the edges of the picture.
Polarization 3D (also known as Polarization 3D), coupled with passive polarized glasses. Polarized 3D uses the principle of "vibration direction" of light to decompose the original image. First, the image is divided into two groups: vertical polarized light and horizontally polarized light. Then, polarized lenses with different polarization directions are used on the left and right sides of the 3D glasses. In this way, the left and right eyes of the person can receive two sets of pictures, and then the stereoscopic images are synthesized through the brain.
The image effect of the polarized 3D technology is better than that of the color difference, and the cost of the glasses is not high. This type of technology is adopted by many cinemas. Since the polarized 3D technology uses the principle of spectroscopic imaging, the resolution of the screen is halved, and it is difficult to realize true full HD 3D images, and the brightness of the screen is reduced. Therefore, the polarized 3D technology requires higher brightness of the display and needs to reach a refresh rate of 240 Hz. At present, the application of more non-flashing non-flash type is a kind of polarized type. Polarized glasses technology was adopted for LG 3D TV, Acer and Lenovo.
Shutter-type 3D technology (ActiveShutter3D) with active shutter 3D glasses: 3D display with up to 120 ~ 240Hz screen refresh rate, continuous cross display left and right eye; fast switching with shutter glasses, shielding left and right eyes, Let the left and right eyes see the correct left and right eye images, and present a stereoscopic image with a sense of depth in the brain. This technology does not sacrifice 3D image resolution and the stereo effect is good, but a few people watching the display of active 3D glasses may have dizziness and discomfort.
This 3D technology is the most widely used on TVs and projectors, with relatively large resources, and excellent image effects. It is highly respected and adopted by many manufacturers, but its matching 3D glasses are more expensive. At present, 3D TVs, including LG, Samsung, Panasonic, Skyworth and other brands, use active shutter 3D technology.
Naked eye 3D display technology
The naked-eye 3D display consists of three parts: 3D stereoscopic terminal, playback software, production software, and application technology. It is a cross-dimensional reality that integrates modern high-tech technologies such as optics, photography, electronic computers, automatic control, software, and 3D animation. system. Therefore, the naked-eye 3D display technology is the latest and cutting-edge high-tech in the image industry. Its appearance has changed the visual fatigue brought by traditional flat images. It is also a technological revolution in the field of image production. It is a qualitative change. Xin Teqi's performance techniques, strong visual impact, and good and beautiful environmental appeal attract people's attention. The naked eye 3D technology currently has:
Holographic: It uses three kinds of red, green and blue laser light sources to generate a phase grating through a modulator. After the hologram is combined, the laser is vertically and horizontally scanned by a vertical scanning mirror and a polygon mirror. Scan to make a stereoscopic image appear.
Volumetric (Volumetric): It is a laser 3D projection technology developed by Texas Instruments. It uses laser light to illuminate on a high-speed rotating disk to display each point of a three-dimensional object in a glass confined space and form a three-dimensional object. image. The disadvantage, however, is that the volume of the projection object is limited, and the closer to the central axis, the lower the resolution.
Parallax Barrier: It uses a light-transmissive fence to control the direction of light travel and refraction of the left and right eye images. The cost is low but there is brightness and considerable viewing angle/point limit. It is less clear when displaying 2D text.
Lenticular (LC): It uses the reciprocation of liquid crystal molecules due to the energization of the torsion to cause refraction, forming a vertical cylindrical lens focusing effect, the advantage is high brightness; if you use the photographic lens to track the viewer, you can also make a full view , but the relative cost is high.
Time-multiplexed: This technique is also known as Directive Backlight technology. With a set of directional backlights and a quick response panel, the left and right eye images are quickly switched to allow the user to view the 3D images.
It is worth pointing out that a true 3D stereoscopic display technology is now proposed, because the ultimate goal pursued by human development display technology is to observe a real-life object while observing a three-dimensional image, fully satisfying human's three-dimensional vision of the real scene. Experience, that is, true 3D display technology. Therefore, compared with the current mainstream three-dimensional display technology based on binocular parallax depth hinting, the true three-dimensional display technology does not cause visual fatigue of the viewer, and the displayed image is more realistic and more in line with people's visual habits. At present, it is listed as true three-dimensional display technology: light field three-dimensional display technology, holographic three-dimensional display technology, volume three-dimensional display technology, raster three-dimensional display technology, integrated imaging three-dimensional display technology.
True three-dimensional display technology is a new three-dimensional image display technology. Based on this display technology, it can directly observe three-dimensional images with physical depth of field. The technology has full view, multi-angle, multi-person simultaneous observation, instant interaction and many more. advantage. It will lead scientific visualization into a new development direction and has broad application prospects. Therefore, the three-dimensional display technology that can truly reflect the real world is known as "one of the greatest revolutions of the 21st century."
3D display technology development trend
The display technology has undergone a process from black-and-white display to color display, from ordinary color display to high-definition color display. At present, flat display technology has made great achievements. But because the objective world is a three-dimensional world, any physical object has x, y, and z three-dimensionality. In order to pursue the maximum true reproduction, one of the main ways is to achieve a three-dimensional sense.
At present, the display technology that has been commercialized can only realize the expression of the three-dimensional world on the flat panel display (x, y). In terms of realism, there is still a big difference in the use of the eyes to directly observe the objective things. It is true that the flat display gives a three-dimensional stereoscopic feeling to some extent, but it is based on the psychological recognition based on the two-dimensional display technology. In essence, it cannot be regarded as a three-dimensional display in the true physical sense. Most of the existing stereoscopic display technologies are not as wide-angle as possible in the viewing angle of the display, because they are born out of the two-dimensional display, and never get rid of the limitation of the 180° display space of the conventional two-dimensional display screen. Also, use the stereoscope or use the “parallax†effect on the flat panel display.
At present, the mainstream three-dimensional display has occupied more than half of the country. The known three-dimensional display devices include stereoscopic vision, helmet-type display, CAVE, naked-eye stereoscopic display and true three-dimensional display.
In the 3D stereoscopic display technology, it will gradually develop from active glasses and polarized glasses to the naked eye 3D and true 3D stereoscopic display technologies.
At present, the mainstream three-dimensional display has occupied more than half of the country. The known three-dimensional display devices include stereoscopic vision, helmet-type display, CAVE, naked-eye stereoscopic display and true three-dimensional display. The main 3D stereo display technologies are as follows.
Glasses 3D display technology
Glasses-type 3D technology, we can subdivide three main types: color difference, polarized and active shutter, which is commonly referred to as the color separation method, the light division method and the time division method.
Chromatic 3D technology (Anaglyphic3D): Used in passive red-blue (or red-green, red-green) color filter 3D glasses. This technology has the longest history, the imaging principle is simple, the implementation cost is quite low, the cost of glasses is only a few dollars, but the 3D picture effect is also the worst. The color difference type 3D first separates the spectral information by the rotating filter wheel, and uses different color filters to filter the picture, so that one picture can produce two images, and each eye of the person sees a different image. However, this method tends to cause color cast at the edges of the picture.
Polarization 3D (also known as Polarization 3D), coupled with passive polarized glasses. Polarized 3D uses the principle of "vibration direction" of light to decompose the original image. First, the image is divided into two groups: vertical polarized light and horizontally polarized light. Then, polarized lenses with different polarization directions are used on the left and right sides of the 3D glasses. In this way, the left and right eyes of the person can receive two sets of pictures, and then the stereoscopic images are synthesized through the brain.
The image effect of the polarized 3D technology is better than that of the color difference, and the cost of the glasses is not high. This type of technology is adopted by many cinemas. Since the polarized 3D technology uses the principle of spectroscopic imaging, the resolution of the screen is halved, and it is difficult to realize true full HD 3D images, and the brightness of the screen is reduced. Therefore, the polarized 3D technology requires higher brightness of the display and needs to reach a refresh rate of 240 Hz. At present, the application of more non-flashing non-flash type is a kind of polarized type. Polarized glasses technology was adopted for LG 3D TV, Acer and Lenovo.
Shutter-type 3D technology (ActiveShutter3D) with active shutter 3D glasses: 3D display with up to 120 ~ 240Hz screen refresh rate, continuous cross display left and right eye; fast switching with shutter glasses, shielding left and right eyes, Let the left and right eyes see the correct left and right eye images, and present a stereoscopic image with a sense of depth in the brain. This technology does not sacrifice 3D image resolution and the stereo effect is good, but a few people watching the display of active 3D glasses may have dizziness and discomfort.
This 3D technology is the most widely used on TVs and projectors, with relatively large resources, and excellent image effects. It is highly respected and adopted by many manufacturers, but its matching 3D glasses are more expensive. At present, 3D TVs, including LG, Samsung, Panasonic, Skyworth and other brands, use active shutter 3D technology.
Naked eye 3D display technology
The naked-eye 3D display consists of three parts: 3D stereoscopic terminal, playback software, production software, and application technology. It is a cross-dimensional reality that integrates modern high-tech technologies such as optics, photography, electronic computers, automatic control, software, and 3D animation. system. Therefore, the naked-eye 3D display technology is the latest and cutting-edge high-tech in the image industry. Its appearance has changed the visual fatigue brought by traditional flat images. It is also a technological revolution in the field of image production. It is a qualitative change. Xin Teqi's performance techniques, strong visual impact, and good and beautiful environmental appeal attract people's attention. The naked eye 3D technology currently has:
Holographic: It uses three kinds of red, green and blue laser light sources to generate a phase grating through a modulator. After the hologram is combined, the laser is vertically and horizontally scanned by a vertical scanning mirror and a polygon mirror. Scan to make a stereoscopic image appear.
Volumetric (Volumetric): It is a laser 3D projection technology developed by Texas Instruments. It uses laser light to illuminate on a high-speed rotating disk to display each point of a three-dimensional object in a glass confined space and form a three-dimensional object. image. The disadvantage, however, is that the volume of the projection object is limited, and the closer to the central axis, the lower the resolution.
Parallax Barrier: It uses a light-transmissive fence to control the direction of light travel and refraction of the left and right eye images. The cost is low but there is brightness and considerable viewing angle/point limit. It is less clear when displaying 2D text.
Lenticular (LC): It uses the reciprocation of liquid crystal molecules due to the energization of the torsion to cause refraction, forming a vertical cylindrical lens focusing effect, the advantage is high brightness; if you use the photographic lens to track the viewer, you can also make a full view , but the relative cost is high.
Time-multiplexed: This technique is also known as Directive Backlight technology. With a set of directional backlights and a quick response panel, the left and right eye images are quickly switched to allow the user to view the 3D images.
It is worth pointing out that a true 3D stereoscopic display technology is now proposed, because the ultimate goal pursued by human development display technology is to observe a real-life object while observing a three-dimensional image, fully satisfying human's three-dimensional vision of the real scene. Experience, that is, true 3D display technology. Therefore, compared with the current mainstream three-dimensional display technology based on binocular parallax depth hinting, the true three-dimensional display technology does not cause visual fatigue of the viewer, and the displayed image is more realistic and more in line with people's visual habits. At present, it is listed as true three-dimensional display technology: light field three-dimensional display technology, holographic three-dimensional display technology, volume three-dimensional display technology, raster three-dimensional display technology, integrated imaging three-dimensional display technology.
True three-dimensional display technology is a new three-dimensional image display technology. Based on this display technology, it can directly observe three-dimensional images with physical depth of field. The technology has full view, multi-angle, multi-person simultaneous observation, instant interaction and many more. advantage. It will lead scientific visualization into a new development direction and has broad application prospects. Therefore, the three-dimensional display technology that can truly reflect the real world is known as "one of the greatest revolutions of the 21st century."
3D display technology development trend
The display technology has undergone a process from black-and-white display to color display, from ordinary color display to high-definition color display. At present, flat display technology has made great achievements. But because the objective world is a three-dimensional world, any physical object has x, y, and z three-dimensionality. In order to pursue the maximum true reproduction, one of the main ways is to achieve a three-dimensional sense.
At present, the display technology that has been commercialized can only realize the expression of the three-dimensional world on the flat panel display (x, y). In terms of realism, there is still a big difference in the use of the eyes to directly observe the objective things. It is true that the flat display gives a three-dimensional stereoscopic feeling to some extent, but it is based on the psychological recognition based on the two-dimensional display technology. In essence, it cannot be regarded as a three-dimensional display in the true physical sense. Most of the existing stereoscopic display technologies are not as wide-angle as possible in the viewing angle of the display, because they are born out of the two-dimensional display, and never get rid of the limitation of the 180° display space of the conventional two-dimensional display screen. Also, use the stereoscope or use the “parallax†effect on the flat panel display.
At present, the mainstream three-dimensional display has occupied more than half of the country. The known three-dimensional display devices include stereoscopic vision, helmet-type display, CAVE, naked-eye stereoscopic display and true three-dimensional display.
In the 3D stereoscopic display technology, it will gradually develop from active glasses and polarized glasses to the naked eye 3D and true 3D stereoscopic display technologies.
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